We have turned the page to September and are nearing the end of summer. With crop yields most likely to be down on the majority of farms, note that the drought-affected acreage has retained much of the phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients applied to maximize yields. 

For example; those who plan to grow corn next year in the same fields that produce low silage or grain yields this year can probably retain a significant amount of nitrogen in the soil profile with appropriate management. This is in addition to other nutrients left behind due to reduced yields.

Looking forward to fertility needs of the 2013 crop should include paying attention to the 4R principles of nutrient stewardship. If that statement surprises you, either your residence must be under a rock or you only attend company sponsored field days where additional fertilizer usage is highly encouraged, regardless of your soil test information.

4R Nutrient Stewardship represents the four “rights” of fertilizer management, according to a colorful brochure produced with a grant from the Ohio Soybean Council, by the Ohio Federation of Soil and Water Conservation Districts. The four R’s are: the right source, the right rate, the right time and the right place. If you think a little bit about those four R’s, the principles seem logical, but we all know that paying attention to yield and profit potential reigns supreme when managing a farm for the long haul. Lets see how compatible fertility stewardship and making money can be.

Choosing the right source can vary, depending on your farm needs. It should not depend on your fertilizer dealer capabilities. Since soil properties often vary within many fields, yet alone different farms, a quality supplier has to be able to provide you with crop food in plant available forms, while knowing how nutrients interact, all while delivering a fertilizer blend compatible for ease of application. Does the chosen source (organic or commercial) fit your farm operation?

Selecting the right rate can only be accomplished if you know the soil nutrient supply.  Soil testing, if done properly, determines quantities of plant food banked in your soil. Figuring out the right rate must take into account all sources, including livestock manures, municipal by products, commercial fertilizers, etc. Plant demand is set by identifying realistic yield goals. Predicting fertilizer use efficiency is also essential in calculating the correct amount of fertilizer to apply.

Planning the right time to apply more often than not changes with the weather. Supplying the crop the food it needs, when it can maximize use, varies from crop to crop and may depend on the growth stage of the crop; i.e. side dressing corn or top dressing wheat. Also, think through the logistics of your particular operation. For those far away fields, is it better to hire the job done to meet time demands of you and the crop?

Determining the right place to apply nutrients might be as simple as applying starter fertilizer in a two-by-two placement so corn roots can access plant food after the seedling has exhausted energy supplied by the seed itself. Can the fertilizer be applied on the surface or is injection the best choice? What application method matches your tillage practices and best limits the potential for surface runoff, or loss through the tile system?  

In reality, practicing the 4R’s saves money. Proper planning helps reduce the out of pocket and environmental costs of over fertilization. 

Investment in more efficient ways of utilizing fertility sources generates higher crop yields and more income.  

Request a copy of the “4R TOMORROW Nutrient Stewardship” brochure. The worthy goals of the 4R endeavor; increasing yield, improving productivity and protecting natural resources are all outlined in this publication.

Readers with questions or comments for Roger Bender may write to him in care of this publication.