By ALAN GUEBERT
Farm and Food File
It was the legislative equivalent of pulling an elephant out of a hat as the stage curtain was about to fall.
The day before the House of Representatives voted 266-167 to approve a long-sought, two-year federal spending deal, House and Senate ag committee members complained that the proposed deal – unseen and unaudited – contained an eight-year, $3 billion cut to the 2014 Farm Bill’s key farm program, federal crop insurance.
Ag committee members from both parties condemned the cut as an underhanded slap at farmers and the years-in-the-making farm bill. Many, like Senate Ag Committee boss Pat Roberts from Kansas, announced they would not vote for the must-pass bill because "Farmers should not be forced to shoulder the nation’s financial burdens."
The cuts, however, had nothing to do with crop insurance benefits. Instead, as news outlets like the Delta Farm Press reported early and correctly, they were aimed at "reducing the cap on the rate of return for insurance companies administering the policies from 14.5 to 8.9 percent and requiring more frequent reviews of the standard reinsurance agreement."
Both ideas – nicking insurance companies’ plump "rate of return" for $375 million in a $9 billion-per-year program and conducting "more frequent reviews" of insurance company agreements – sure sounded like good government in action.
Not to the bipartisan brayers. When their "farmers-are-being-hit" argument failed to get traction, they pointed out that the 2014 Farm Bill already contained $23 billion in cuts. And, they reminded colleagues, all had agreed that no new cuts would occur over the life of the bill.
That did it; the squeaking wheels got greased.
In a just-in-time deal, Congressional leaders promised to put $3 billion back into the pockets of crop insurance companies when the omnibus budget bill comes to Congress before Christmas. No one on Capitol Hill, however, could say if that put-back requires $3 billion in new cuts to other USDA spending to keep the October budget on track.
While all that finger wagging was going on, Republicans came together long enough to elect Rep. Paul "I-don’t-want-to-be-Speaker-of-the-House" Ryan to be Speaker of the House. To his credit, Ryan exhibited great skill for the job the day before his election by staying out of the insurance fight.
Or maybe it wasn’t skill at all. Maybe the nearly invisible size of the yearly insurance cut – $375 million in a $4 trillion budget is, what, less than 4/1000ths of 1 percent of 2016 federal spending? – simply wasn’t worth Ryan’s time to even notice.
It soon might be, according to a Nov. 3 story on the Food & Environment Reporting Network. As outlined by veteran ag journalist Chuck Abbott, new research by the International Food Policy Research Institute shows crop insurance rapidly becoming the go-to domestic farm program around the world.
In fact, notes the IFPRI research, global crop insurance premiums have grown by an average 16 percent per year from 2004 through 2013 (to $30 billion that year) as nations shift ag subsidies from direct farmer payments to indirect farm income guarantees.
This worldwide growth – China’s crop insurance program, began in 2007 with $300 million in premiums, topped $5 billion in 2013 – has drawn the attention of the World Trade Organization. As the programs have grown so, too, has grown the potential to bend or break WTO rules.
In fact, two-thirds of all nations with crop insurance programs now subsidize its purchase. The average government subsidy worldwide is a hefty 46 percent. The U.S. subsidy, at 62 percent, however, remains the world’s heavyweight.
Whatever the subsidy level, crop insurance is fast becoming a fixture in global ag policy. As it does, so too will its problems and politics – as Congress well knows, and Paul Ryan will quickly learn.
The views and opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and not necessarily those of Farm World. Readers with questions or comments for Alan Guebert may write to him in care of this publication.
